Computation and Computational Thinking

<%"---"%> tags: 📥️/📜️/🟥️ publish: true aliases: - Computation and Computational Thinking - ahoComputationComputationalThinking2012 url: https://academic.oup.com/comjnl/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/comjnl/bxs074 doi: citekey: ahoComputationComputationalThinking2012 keywords: authors: [A. V. Aho] type: paper status: created: updated: <%"---"%> ```dataview TABLE created, updated as modified, tags, type, related FROM " " WHERE contains(related, "ahoComputationComputationalThinking2012") ``` > [!link]- > zotero_link:: [PDF](zotero://select/library/items/RMIKECZ4) > [!cite]- > citekey:: ahoComputationComputationalThinking2012 > [!abstract]- > abstract:: > [!keywords]- > keywords:: > [!authors]- > authors:: A. V. Aho > [!meta]- > url:: https://academic.oup.com/comjnl/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/comjnl/bxs074 > doi:: > [!related]- > [!hypothesis]- > hypothesis:: > [!methodology]- > methodology:: > [!result]- Result(s) > results:: > [!summary]- Summary of Key Points > summary:: ## Notes | Highlight Color | Meaning | | ---------------------------------------------- | --------------------------- | | Red | información imprescindible | | Orange | Información Importante | | Yellow | Información Interesante | | Green | Temas y sub temas | | Blue | Citas relevantes del autor | | Purple | Temas nuevos por investigar | - "We recommend using the term Computation in conjunction with a well-defined model of computation whose semantics is clear and which matches the problem being investigated. Computer science already has a number of useful clearly defined models of computation whose behaviors and capabilities are well understood. We should use such models as part of any definition of the term computation. However, for new domains of investigation where there are no appropriate models it may be necessary to invent new formalisms to represent the systems under study.” [Page ](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/RMIKECZ4?page=&annotation=2GNRLF3U) Tag #CT-Definición, #CT-Frase-CT - "In any scientific discipline there are many reasons to use terms that have precise definitions. Understanding the terminology of a discipline is essential to learning a subject and precise terminology enables us to communicate ideas clearly with other people. In computer science the problem is even more acute: we need to construct software and hardware components that must smoothly interoperate across interfaces with clients and other components in distributed systems. The definitions of these interfaces need to be precisely specified for interoperability and good systems performance.” [Page ](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/RMIKECZ4?page=&annotation=UV82QV8W) Tag #CT-Definición, #CT-Claridad-Definición - "Part of the problem is that the nature of systems exhibiting computational behavior is varied and the term computation means different things to different people depending on the kinds of computational systems they are studying and the kinds of problems they are investigating. Since computation refers to a process that is defined in terms of some underlying model of computation, we would achieve clearer communication if we made clear what the underlying model is.” [Page ](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/RMIKECZ4?page=&annotation=G7Q2MRGJ) Tag #Ciencias-de-la-Computación - "We consider computational thinking to be the thought processes involved in formulating problems so their solutions can be represented as computational steps and algorithms.” [Page ](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/RMIKECZ4?page=&annotation=KCUW5ZXC) Tag #CT-Algortimos, #CT-Resolución-Problemas, #CT-Proceso-de-pensamiento - "A familiar example would be the use of finite automata to solve string pattern matching problems.” [Page ](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/RMIKECZ4?page=&annotation=NCC8XIMH) Tag #CT-Ejemplo - "A less familiar example might be the quantum circuits and order finding formulation that Peter Shor [1] used to devise an integerfactoring algorithm that runs in polynomial time on a quantum computer.” [Page ](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/RMIKECZ4?page=&annotation=6M8HUP7D) Tag #CT-Ejemplos-Avanzados - "However, as the computer systems we wish to build become more complex and as we apply computer science abstractions to new problem domains, we discover that we do not always have the appropriate models to devise solutions. In these cases, computational thinking becomes a research activity that includes inventing appropriate new models of computation.” [Page ](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/RMIKECZ4?page=&annotation=L93PFZZH) Tag #CT-Abstracción - "Corrado Priami and his colleagues at the Centre for Computational and Systems Biology in Trento, Italy have been using process calculi as a model of computation to create programming languages to simulate biological processes.” [Page ](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/RMIKECZ4?page=&annotation=USRESR5C) Tag #CT-Ejemplo - "Priami states “the basic feature of computational thinking is abstraction of reality in such a way that the neglected details in the model make it executable by a machine.” [2]” [Page ](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/RMIKECZ4?page=&annotation=9QR284AP) Tag #CT-Abstracción, #CT-Habilidades - "As we shall see, finding or devising appropriate models of computation to formulate problems is a central and often nontrivial part of computational thinking.” [Page 2](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/RMIKECZ4?page=2&annotation=UALLQH2P) Tag #CT-Resolución-Problemas - "In the last half century, what we think of as a computational system has expanded dramatically. In the earliest days of computing, a computer was an isolated machine with limited memory to which programs were submitted one at a time to be compiled and run. Today, in the Internet era, we have networks consisting of millions of interconnected computers and as we move into cloud computing, many foresee a global computing environment with billions of clients having universal on-demand access to computing services and data hosted in gigantic data centers located around the planet. Anything from a PC or a phone or a TV or a sensor can be a client and a data center may consist of hundreds of thousands of servers. Needless to say, the models for studying such a universally accessible, complex, highly concurrent distributed system are very different from the ones for a single isolated computer.” [Page 2](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/RMIKECZ4?page=2&annotation=UGFHDYPB) Tag #Avance-tecnológico, #Modelos-Computación, #CT-Evolución-TIC, #CT-Frase - "One fascinating example is simulating the highly parallel biological processes found in human cells and organs for the purposes of understanding disease and drug design. Good computational models for biological processes are still in their infancy.” [Page 2](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/RMIKECZ4?page=2&annotation=4UDZH2SR) Tag #CT-Ejemplos-Avanzados - "The theory of computation has been and still is one of the core areas of computer science. It explores the fundamental capabilities and limitations of models of computation. A model of computation is a mathematical abstraction of a computing system.” [Page 2](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/RMIKECZ4?page=2&annotation=8G7EI26Z) Tag #Computación, #Ciencias-de-la-Computación - "The most important model of sequential computation studied in computer science is the Turing machine, first proposed by Alan Turing in 1936 [3]. Let us briefly review the definition of a Turing machine to appreciate the detail necessary to understand even this familiar model of computation.” [Page 2](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/RMIKECZ4?page=2&annotation=ELP2QP4K) Tag #Turing - "A distributed system is one that consists of autonomous computing systems that communicate with one another through some kind of network using message passing.” [Page 3](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/RMIKECZ4?page=3&annotation=78KRHTQ5) Tag #Sistemas-distribuidos - "Moreover, solving problems such as determining the throughput, latency, and performance of a distributed system cannot be productively formulated with a single-thread model of computation. For these reasons, computer scientists have developed a number of models of concurrent computation which can be used to study these phenomena and to architect tools and components for building distributed systems.” [Page 3](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/RMIKECZ4?page=3&annotation=MJBYMVSD) Tag #CT-Ejemplos-Avanzados - "6. BENEFITS OF MODELS OF COMPUTATION In addition to aiding education and understanding, there are many practical benefits to having appropriate models of computation for the systems we are trying to build. In cloud computing, for example, there are still a host of poorly understood concerns for systems of this scale. We need to better understand the architectural tradeoffs needed to achieve the desired levels of reliability, performance, scalability and adaptivity in the services these systems are expected to provide. We do not have appropriate abstractions to describe these properties in such a way that they can be automatically mapped from a model of computation into an implementation (or the other way around). In cloud computing, there are a host of research challenges for system developers and tool builders. As examples, we need programming languages, compilers, verification tools, defect detection tools, and service management tools that can scale to the huge number of clients and servers involved in the networks and data centers of the future. Cloud computing is one important area that can benefit from innovative computational thinking.” [Page 3](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/RMIKECZ4?page=3&annotation=X5VB4WA2) Tag #DigitalCompetences, #CT-Abstracción, #CT-Beneficios - "Mathematical abstractions called models of computation are at the heart of computation and computational thinking.” [Page 3](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/RMIKECZ4?page=3&annotation=V2HSRHR9) Tag #CT-Abstracción, #CT-Conclusiones, #CT-Habilidades - "omputational thinking is the thought processes involved in formulating problems so their solutions can be represented as computational steps and algorithms.” [Page 3](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/RMIKECZ4?page=3&annotation=M8A36SM2) Tag #CT-Algoritmos, #CT-Conclusiones, #CT-Resolución-Problemas > [!context]- > ==(How this article relates to other work in the field; how it ties in with key issues and findings by others, including yourself)== > context:: > [!significance]- > ==(to the field; in relation to your own work)== > significance::